The Experience Machine

Area: Epistemology, Metaphysics
Grade Level: High School & Beyond, Middle School, Primary/Elementary School
Topics: appearance versus reality, thought experiment
Estimated Time Necessary: 20-45 minutes

Lesson Plan

Objectives:

In his 1971 book Anarchy, State, and Utopia, Robert Nozick introduced a “thought experiment” that has become known as “the experience machine:”

Suppose there were an experience machine that would give you any experience you desired. Super-duper neuropsychologists could stimulate your brain so that you would think and feel you were writing a great novel, or making a friend, or reading an interesting book. All the time you would be floating in a tank, with electrodes attached to your brain. Of course, while in the tank you won’t know that you’re there; you’ll think that it’s all actually happening.

  •  Would you plug into the machine for life?

A note about facilitating discussions around a philosophical thought experiment like “The Experience Machine:”

Though experiments are intentionally artificial and strip away real-world complexity in order to isolate the values that guide our choices. These playful, but high-stakes “what-ifs” act as mental laboratories that help us practice important thinking skills like: identifying stakeholders, unearthing unconscious biases, listening to what other people find important, and clearly articulating why we make a particular choice. Naturally, people want to try to outsmart the scenario by looking for loopholes or exceptions, but it is important to play along with the scenario and stay with the forced choice presented. It can be helpful to remind ourselves that for this hypothetical scenario: “If I was forced to choose, what truly matters to me, and why?”  

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Video

Discussion Questions

  • Should you hook up to the Experience Machine for life, pre-programming all of your life’s desires? Why or why not?
  • Would it make any difference to you if you were actually doing these things?
  • If in every respect it seems to you that you’re in a good situation, isn’t it true, at least for you, that you are in a good situation?
  • Do we care about certain things independent of the experiences they create for us? For example, is being in reality important even if the experience isn’t pleasant? Is it better to live happily in the Matrix than miserably in reality? Why or why not?
  • How do we know that we are not in an "Experience Machine?" Can we prove we are not? How do we know that what we perceive is real?
  • Why do we desire to be happy? Are other types of emotional states just as desirable or important?
  • How does the Experience Machine compare to our current world (e.g., social media filters, immersive video games, virtual reality, or AI companions)? Are people already "plugging in" partially today?
  • What if the choice were framed differently: Suppose you find out right now that you have been in an experience machine since birth. Would you choose to unplug?* Why or why not?

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